美国历史上最“危险”的人之一
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开始时间
Dec 31, 2023
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原文
In 1830 at a clothing store near the Boston Harbor,
David Walker carefully stitched a pamphlet
into the lining of a sailor’s coat.
The volume was thin enough to be completely hidden,
but its content was far from insubstantial.
In fact, at the time, many members of the US government
considered this pamphlet to be one of the most dangerous documents in American history.
翻译
1830年在波士顿港附近的一家服装店
David Walker小心翼翼地将一本小册子缝进了一件水手大衣的内衬
体积很薄，可以完全隐藏起来
但它的内容远非虚无缥缈
其实呢当时美国的许多成员政府认为这本小册子是美国历史上最危险的文件之一
So to ensure this volume reached his audience,
Walker had to hide his work in the clothing
of both willing co-conspirators and unknowing sailors;
smuggling the pamphlet throughout the country.
But what was this incendiary document? And who exactly was the man who wrote it?
翻译
所以为了确保他的听众能收到这本书
沃克不得不把他的工作隐藏在两类人的服装中：愿意参与的共谋者和无知的水手。
把小册子走私到全国各地
但这份煽动性的文件是什么
写这封信的人到底是谁
Son of an enslaved father and a freedwoman,
David Walker was born free in the late 18th century
in Wilmington, North Carolina.
From a young age, he sought to extend his freedom to all Black Americans,
and after moving to Charleston as a young man,
he became closely involved with the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
翻译
David Walker是在18世纪末的北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿出生的。他的父亲是一个被奴役的男子，而他的母亲是一个自由的女性。
从小他试图将他的自由扩展到所有美国黑人
年轻时搬到查尔斯顿后
他与非洲卫理公会圣公会关系密切
At that time, the mainstream movement to end slavery was comprised of societies led by wealthy white men who favored gradual change and avoided confrontation with slaveholders.
But the AME Church practiced a more radical brand of abolition.
In 1822, AME leader Denmark Vesey planned a major insurrection intended to violently liberate Charleston’s enslaved community and set the city ablaze.
翻译
当时 主流的反奴隶制运动是由一些富有的白人男性领导的组织组成的，他们倾向于渐进的改变并避免与奴隶主对抗
1822年,AME领袖马克韦西实行了更激进的废奴政策，意图武力解放查尔斯顿的奴隶群体，放火烧掉这座城市
It’s unclear if Walker contributed to Vesey’s plan,
but he wasn’t among the many AME members who were arrested and executed for this attempted rebellion.
In 1825, Walker surfaced in Boston, where he rejoined the fight against slavery.
In addition to marrying fellow activist Eliza Butler
and opening his clothing store,
Walker helped fund America’s first Black-owned newspaper.
翻译
尚不清楚沃克是否参与了韦西的计划
但他不在许多被逮捕和处决的AMME成员之列
1825年,沃克在波士顿露面，
在那里他重新加入了反对奴隶制的斗争
此外 他与积极份子同志伊莱扎·巴特勒结婚并开了他的服装店
沃克资助了美国第一家由黑人拥有的报社
his passionate articles and public speeches sought to instill pride and camaraderie into those fighting for Black liberation.
But to truly unite free and enslaved Black Americans,
Walker would have to go beyond Boston.
In 1829, he poured his ideas
into the “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.”
翻译
他热情洋溢的文章和公开演讲试图向那些为黑人解放而战的人灌输骄傲和同志情谊
但要真正团结自由和受奴役的美国黑人
沃克走出波士顿
1829年，他将他的想法倾注于“向全球有色人种的呼吁”之中
This treatise was punctuated with furious exclamation marks
and emphasized the spiritual righteousness of resistance.
He described the suffering of enslaved people in graphic detail to prove
that the reality for Black Americans was often “kill or be killed.”
翻译
这篇论文缀满了愤怒的感叹号
并强调了抗战的精神正义
他生动详细地描述了被奴役者的苦难
为了证明美国黑人面临的现实往往只有“杀人或被杀”
And given these circumstances, Walker staunchly defended the right to militant action.
This wasn’t his only departure from moderate mainstream abolitionists.
To stress the importance of Black solidarity,
Walker connected American abolitionism
with global movements for Black liberation.
He called for an international Black freedom struggle
in an early display of what would come to be called Pan-Africanism.
But at the same time, he opposed the popular movement
for Black Americans to emigrate to Africa.
翻译
在这种情况下
沃克坚定地捍卫了武力行动的权利
这不是他唯一一次与温和的主流废除主义者意见相左
为了加强黑人群体的团结
沃克将美国废奴主义与全球黑人解放运动牵上了线
他号召组织了国际黑人自由斗争
在后来被称为泛非主义的早期体现
但同时
他反对美国黑人移民非洲的群众运动
While the “Appeal” criticized the Founding Fathers for their hypocrisy,
Walker insisted that Black people were essential to the country’s creation, and had an undeniable right to American citizenship.
Walker suspected these incendiary arguments would make him a target for violence.
But in spite of the danger, he continued using sailors to smuggle his work.
The “Appeal” traveled down the coast into the hands of shopkeepers,
church leaders, political organizers, and underground abolitionist networks.
翻译
尽管这部名为'Appeal'的文献批评了开国之父们的伪善
沃克坚持认为黑人对国家的建立至关重要拥有无可否认的美国公民权
沃克怀疑这些煽动性言论会使他成为武力针对的对象
但尽管身处危险之中，他继续利用水手走偷运着他的著作
《Appeal》沿着海岸从北至南流入了店主、教会领袖、政治组织者手中和地下废奴主义者圈中
For these readers, Walker’s words galvanized militant efforts to overthrow slave owners and its call to arms struck fear in to white officials.
Police intercepted its delivery, and quarantined Black sailors at Southern ports.
The pamphlet inspired Louisiana to ban anti-slavery literature, and both North and South Carolina cracked down on Black education to prevent literacy among enslaved peoples.
Southern officials even placed a bounty on Walker’s head worth the modern equivalent of $322,000.
翻译
对于这些读者
沃克的话振奋了这些读者采取武力手段推翻奴隶主，武装的号令让白人官员心惊胆战
警方阻截了册子的走私，并在南部港口隔离了黑人水手
这本小册子促使路易斯安那州禁止反奴隶制文学作品
无论南北卡罗莱纳州都叫停了黑人教育以防奴役识字
南方官员甚至悬赏沃克的人头
价值相当于现在的32万2千美元
But while friends urged him to flee,Walker refused to abandon his cause.
Tragically, his bravery couldn’t protect him
from the deadliest disease of his time.
In August 1830, Walker was found dead.
And while his associates declared him the victim of assassination, it’s now widely believed that he died from tuberculosis.
Following his death, Walker's message continued to resound.
Frederick Douglass credited him as the originator of radical abolitionism, and his “Appeal” inspired some of the most influential members of the 20th century liberation movement.
翻译
但当朋友们催促他逃跑时
沃克拒绝放弃他的阵地
不幸的事，他的勇气并没有让他逃过当时致命的疾病
1830年8月，沃克被发现死亡
虽然沃克的同伴宣称他死于刺杀
现在人们普遍认为他死于肺结核
他死后，沃克想传达的信息依旧回响不绝
弗雷德里克道格拉斯认为他是激进废奴主义的创始人
他的《呼吁》激励了20世纪解放运动中一些最有影响力的成员
From Malcolm X’s militant approach to Black resistance,
to James Cone’s writing on Black spirituality,
Walker’s legacy remains crucially important to the history
of Black resistance movements— and their visions for the future.
翻译
从马尔科姆.艾克斯的黑人反抗武力手段到詹姆斯康恩的黑人精神文学，
沃克的遗产一直是黑人反抗运动史上至关重要的篇章
也启迪着他们对未来的展望
高频单词
- Pamphlet - 小册子，简报
- Example: He distributed a pamphlet about environmental conservation in the community.
- 翻译：他在社区分发了一份关于环境保护的小册子。
- Liberation - 解放
- Example: The liberation of the country from colonial rule was celebrated with joy.
- 翻译：这个国家从殖民统治中解放出来的庆祝活动充满了欢乐。
- Radical - 激进的
- Example: The politician proposed a radical change in the education system.
- 翻译：这位政治家提议对教育系统进行激进的改革。
- Confrontation - 对抗，冲突
- Example: The two nations are in a state of confrontation over territorial disputes.
- 翻译：这两个国家因领土争端处于对抗状态。
- Abolition - 废除，消除
- Example: The abolition of slavery was a significant milestone in American history.
- 翻译：废除奴隶制在美国历史上是一个重要的里程碑。
长难句
- The volume was thin enough to be completely hidden, but its content was far from insubstantial.
- 这本册子足够薄，完全可以隐藏起来，但其内容绝不是无足轻重的。
- 语法点: 这是一个并列句，使用了“but”来连接两个对比的观点。
- 解释: 这个句子通过“but”这个连接词，将两个相对的描述连接在一起，即虽然这个小册子很薄，但其内容却非常重要。
- So to ensure this volume reached his audience, Walker had to hide his work in the clothing of both willing co-conspirators and unknowing sailors; smuggling the pamphlet throughout the country.
- 为了确保这本册子达到他的受众，沃克必须将他的工作藏在愿意共谋者和不知情的水手的衣服中，从而在全国范围内偷运这份小册子。
- 语法点: 这是一个复合句，其中使用了分号来分隔两个相互关联但完整的句子。
- 解释: 分号用于分隔两个完整的句子，这里描述了Walker为确保小册子传递给受众而采取的策略。
- But to truly unite free and enslaved Black Americans, Walker would have to go beyond Boston.
- 但要真正团结自由和被奴役的黑人美国人，沃克必须超越波士顿的范围。
- 语法点: 这是一个条件句，其中使用了“would have to”来表示一个必要的条件。
- 解释: 这个句子提出了一个条件，即要真正团结黑人美国人，Walker需要超越波士顿
- He described the suffering of enslaved people in graphic detail to prove that the reality for Black Americans was often “kill or be killed.”
- 他详细描述了奴隶的苦难，以图形化的方式证明黑人美国人的现实常常是“杀或被杀”。
- 语法点: 这是一个不定式短语的用法，其中的“to prove”引导目的或原因。
- 解释: 通过详细描述奴隶的苦难，他旨在证明黑人美国人的现实往往是“杀或被杀”。
- Southern officials even placed a bounty on Walker’s head worth the modern equivalent of $322,000.
- 南方官员甚至在沃克的头上设下了悬赏金，相当于现代的322,000美元。
- 语法点: 这是一个定语从句的结构，用于修饰“bounty”。
- 解释: 通过这个定语从句，说明了这个悬赏金的价值是相当于现代的322,000美元。
